White-phase Southrern Giant Petrel on Signy Island, photograph by Michael Dunn

John Van Hoff (Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia) has published in the open-access journal Marine Ornithology on timing of breeding of Southern Giant Petrels Macronectes giganteus in relation to latitude.

“An organism's reproductive phenology is closely connected with environmental variables and resource availability, and an earlier reproduction is generally predicted as temperatures warm. Sibling giant petrels Macronectes spp. have a circumpolar Southern Hemisphere breeding distribution, which provides an opportunity to test predictions of phenological change in breeding stages over large environmental gradients. Mean comparisons confirmed a ~50 day separation in egg-laying phenologies for the two species, and linear regression showed that variation in phenology was not linked to latitude when the data were separated by species. There was a significant predictive interaction model for temperature and day length at onset of copulation in Southern Giant Petrels M. giganteus, but plots of the raw data suggested that temperature has little, if any, effect on gonad maturation. While day length was the most important factor related to onset of copulation, temperatures at hatching likely constrained the overall phenology of breeding, especially for populations reproducing at extreme high latitudes.”

Reference:

Van Den Hoff, J. 2020.  Environmental constraints on the breeding phenology of giant petrels Macronectes spp., with emphasis on Southern Giant Petrels M. giganteus.  Marine Ornithology 48: 33-40.

John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 20 April 2020, updated 07 July 2020

SAVE Brasil (Sociedade para a Conservação das Aves do Brasil) is BirdLife International’s national partner in Brazil.  Founded in 2004, its mission is given as “To conserve birds and habitats, connecting people to nature”.

Alice Reisfeld, Project Manager with SAVE-Brasil, writes to ACAP Latest News: “SAVE Brasil is a non-profit, non-governmental organization dedicated to the conservation of Brazilian birds and nature.  Following a participatory approach, we work together with governments, civil society organizations, universities, business and communities, to develop and implement strategies, programs and actions that contribute to a better and healthier planet for animals, plants and people”.

SAVE Brasil has been instrumental in the establishment of a number of private and public protected areas, many of which fall within designated Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas (IBAs) and among some of the most threatened forests in the world.  Additionally, conservation work by the NGO has resulted in the adequate management of over 120 000 hectares of grasslands.  The protection of those habitats ensures the conservation of more than 600 bird species, 40 of which are threatened.

The NGO now joins a growing number of BirdLife national partners or affiliates in countries which work actively with the Albatross and Petrel Agreement, either as Parties (of which Brazil is one) or as range states for listed species that regularly attend meetings, that have offered their support for the inaugural World Albatross Day on 19 June.

Pedro Develey, SAVE Brasil Director

Pedro Develey, SAVE Brasil’s Director, writes to ACAP Latest News:

“Here at SAVE Brasil we support the inaugural World Albatross Day and we are looking forward to the activities to mark this event in Brazil led by our partner Projeto Albatroz”.

“Aqui na SAVE Brasil, nós apoiamos o Dia Mundial do Albatroz inaugural, e estamos ansiosos para as atividades de nossos parceiros do Projeto Albatroz, que marcarão esse evento no Brasil”.

With thanks to Alice Reisfeld, Project Manager, SAVE-Brasil.

John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 19 April 2020

Artificial burrows for Cory's Shearwaters with decoys and a solar-powered sound system on Corvo, Azores, photograph by Steffen Oppel

Nuno Oliveira (Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves (SPEA), Lisbon, Portugal) and colleagues have published in the journal Airo on Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris borealis utilizing artificial burrows.

The paper’s abstract follows:

“Seabirds are one of the avian groups facing the fastest and highest decline in population numbers around the world, suffering from many threats not only at sea but also on land.  For burrow-nesting seabirds, the loss of adequate breeding habitat, human disturbance and competition with other species make the availability of adequate nesting burrows a limiting factor for the recovery of breeding numbers.  Artificial nest provisioning has been broadly used as a measure to invert population declines, by increasing the availability of higher quality nests. Berlengas Archipelago holds an important breeding population of Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris borealis, mainly concentrated in two different sites, Farilhão Grande Islet and Berlenga Island.  On Berlenga Island, artificial nests have been provided since the late 1980’s.  In this study, we present the results of artificial nest provisioning as a conservation measure implemented over almost 30 years and its effectiveness in inverting a negative population trend found in Farilhão Grande Islet.  We also present up-to-date data on the population size and breeding parameters of Cory´s Shearwater nesting in Berlengas Archipelago.  Breeding success was found to be higher in artificial nests (0.86 ± 0.05) than in natural nests (0.77 ± 0.12). Occupation rate for artificial nests built after 2015 increased along the first 4 years after installation, resulting in an annual growth rate of 9%.  In 2015, 32-34% of the Cory’s Shearwater population was breeding in artificial nests.  A total of 681 active nests were counted along the entire archipelago in 2015, with an estimate of 800 – 975 breeding pairs. In Farilhão Grande, breeding success was particularly low and the breeding population showed a significant negative trend (annual growth rate of -2% since 2005).  However, demographic modelling indicates that a decrease on productivity by itself may not explain the observed negative population growth, and that other factors (e.g., adult survival) may be driving the negative trend. The identification of demographic par9ameters responsible for such changes will provide relevant information for conservation managers and authorities on the proper solutions to put in place. Artificial nests were shown to be an effective conservation measure for Cory’s Shearwater on Berlenga Island, and may thus contribute to the increase of breeding success and of the breeding population size at Farilhão Grande islet.”

The Cory's Shearwater 'hotel', and the anti-predator fence on Corvo in the Azores, photograph by Steffen Oppel

Read a related post on artificial burrows for Cory’s Shearwaters here.

Reference:

Oliveira, N., Abreu, Bores, J., Fagundes, A.I., Alonso, H. & Andrade, J. 2020.  Evaluating the potential of artificial nests as a conservation measure for Cory’s Shearwaters Calonectris borealis breeding in Berlengas Archipelago, Portugal.  Airo 27: 3-19.

John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 18 April 2020

The Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology (EGI) is based in the Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK.  Founded in 1937, the Institute conducts research into the behaviour, ecology, evolution and conservation of birds, with a strong emphasis on understanding organisms in their natural environments.  It is particularly well known for its long-term population studies, and as one of the birthplaces of behavioural ecology.  The Institute’s Alexander Library of Ornithology is described as one of the foremost ornithological reference libraries in the world.

Ben Sheldon, Director, Edward Grey Institute

ACAP Latest News reached out to the EGI’s Director and Luc Hoffmann Chair of Ornithology, Professor Ben Sheldon, to gain the Institute’s support for the inaugural World Albatross Day on 19 June.  He writes in return: “Recent scientific advances have shown us that albatrosses range over vast stretches of the world’s oceans while seeking food.  These remarkable global travellers are also increasingly threatened in their natural environments.  World Albatross Day raises the awareness of this unique and imperilled group of birds.”

With this welcome support the EGI joins two other prestigious ornithological institutes in recognizing ‘WAD2020’: the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology at the University of Cape Town, South Africa and the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology in Japan.

With thanks to Ben Sheldon.

John Cooper, ACAP Information Officer, 17 April 2020